Step Description Equipment Data collected 1 Mice exposed to saline or nicotine for 12 days (chronic) Subcutaneous osmotic mini pump - 2 Mice trained Training/context chamber Percent freezing (baseline) 3 Contextual fear conditioning Training/context chamber Percent freezing during period between CS and US and during a context testing trial 4 Cued fear conditioning Cued fear chamber Percent freezing for pre-CS exposure and CS exposure in a novel context
Procedure 1: Nicotine administration
Equipment, software, and supplies
- Subcutaneous osmotic mini pump (Alzet Inc., #1002, Cupertino, CA, USA)
Reagents and solutions
- Isoflurane
- Nicotine
Steps
- Mice are anesthetized with 3.5% isoflurane.
- Subcutaneous osmotic mini pumps are surgically implanted using aseptic procedures.
- Nicotine in saline is administered through pumps at 0 (baseline), 12, and 18 mg/kg/day for 12 days.
Procedure 2: Fear conditioning
Equipment, software, and supplies
- Chamber for fear conditioning training and contextual fear learning, noise-attenuating, with metal bar grid flooring (18.8 x 20 x 18.3 cm), with side-mounted speakers and fans to provide ventilation and background noise (65 dB), with ceiling-mounted camera (MED Associates, St. Albans, VT, USA)
- Chamber for cued fear learning, noise attenuating with solid plastic flooring (20.32 x 22.86 x 17.78 cm), with side-mounted speakers and fans to provide ventilation and background noise (65 dB), with ceiling-mounted camera, with vanilla background odor (MED Associates, St. Albans, VT, USA)
- Cameras (Ikegami, Tokyo, Japan)
- EthoVision XT (Noldus, Wageningen, Netherlands)
- Med-PC software and hardware (MED Associates, St. Albans, VT, USA)
Steps
- Following nicotine exposure for 12 days, mice are trained and tested in both contextual and cued fear conditioning.
- For training, mice are placed in an operant chamber for a total of 5 min. The first 2 min consists of a stimulus-free period (baseline) followed by 2 conditioned stimulus (CS; 30 s 85 dB white noise) - unconditioned stimulus (US; 2 s 0.45 mA foot shock) pairings presented two minutes apart, in which the US overlapped with the last 2 s of the CS.
- The 2-min period between the two CS-US pairings serves as the immediate or post-shock period.
- Two associations are formed during the training trial and are used to assess fear conditioning: 1) Between the tone CS and footshock US (cued fear conditioning) and 2) Between the footshock US and the context/environment (contextual fear conditioning).
- To assess the strength of these unique forms of learning and memory, mice are tested for both contextual and cued learning 24h after training.
- To test contextual fear learning, mice are placed back inside the training chamber over a 5-min trial with no stimulus presentation.
- Cued testing occurred at least one hour after context testing, for which mice are placed in a novel chamber for a 3-min baseline assessment (pre-cue), followed by a 3-min CS exposure (cued). Novel cues (plastic flooring and vanilla scent) are present during cued testing to minimize generalization to the training chambers.
- All sessions are video recorded. Freezing behavior is tracked during all sessions via EthoVision XT.